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In the recent years, new perspectives for linseed (Linum usitatissimum\udL.) are open as renewable raw material for bio-based products\ud(Bb), due to its oil composition, and the interesting amounts of coproducts\ud(lignocellulosic biomass). Therefore, the possibility to introduce\udlinseed crop in two environments of central and northern Italy,\udtraditionally devoted to cereal cultivation, has been evaluated. Twoyears\udfield trials were carried out in the coastal plain of Pisa (Tuscany\udregion) and in the Po valley (Bologna, Emilia Romagna region), comparing\udtwo linseed varieties (Sideral and Buenos Aires). Agronomical\udevaluation (yield and yield components), seed and oil characterization\ud(oil, protein content, and fatty acid composition), together with carbon\ud(C) and nitrogen (N) content of the residual lignocellulosic biomass\udwere investigated. The two varieties, grown as autumn crop, showed a\uddifferent percentage of plant survival at the end of winter, with Sideral\udmost resistant to cold. The achieved results showed significant influence\udof cultivar, location and growing season on yield and yield components,\udas well as on chemical biomass composition. In particular,\udSideral appeared to be the most suitable variety for tested environments,\udsince higher seed yield (3.05 t ha–1 as mean value over years\udand locations) and above-ground biomass (6.98 t ha–1 as mean value\udover years and locations) were recorded in comparison with those\uddetected for Buenos Aires (1.93 and 4.48 t ha–1 of seed production and\udlignocellulosic biomass, respectively). Interestingly, in the northern\udarea, during the 1st year, Buenos Aires was the most productive,\uddespite its low plant survival at the end of winter, which determined a\udstrong reduction in plant density and size. In such conditions, the\udplants produced a larger number of capsules and, consequently, high\udseed yield (3.18 t ha–1). Relevant differences were also observed\udbetween the two years, due to the variability of climatic characteristics\ud(temperature levels, and moisture regimes). All these findings confirmed\udas, in linseed, yield and yield components are quantitatively\udinherited and influenced by both genotype and environment (location\udand climate). Varietal and environmental effects were also recorded\udfor oil content and yield, and, generally, good oil percentages, for both\udgenotypes, were found (ranging from 44 to 49% on dry matter basis).\udOil from the two varieties was characterized by a stable proportion of\udpolyunsaturated fatty acids with a high content of alpha-linolenic acid\ud(more than 57%), that makes this oil suitable to be used in paints,\udresins, varnishes, linoleum, polymers and oleochemicals. Finally, our\udresults pointed out as above- and below-ground biomasses, were different\udin terms of quantity, and chemical characteristics (N, C and C/N\udratio). Interesting amounts of N and C could return into the soil by\udcrop residues (stem portions and roots), thus underling the possibility\udto maintain and/or increase the soil organic matter pool

italian journal of agronomy

Agronomical evaluation and chemical characterization of Linum usitatissimum L. as oilseed crop for bio-based products in two environments of Central and Northern Italy