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At the most basic level, skeletal muscle contraction requires Ca(2+) and ATP and, thus, is under direct control of two important intracellular organelles: Ca(2+) release units (CRUs) - specialized intracellular junctions, also named triads, which are involved in excitation-contraction (EC) coupling - and mitochondria, the organelles deputed to produce the energy required for most cellular functions (i.e. aerobic ATP production). It is now becoming clear that: a) CRUs and mitochondria interact functionally and structurally, as entry of Ca(2+) into the mitochondrial matrix is required to stimulate the respiratory chain, and increase production of ATP (Fig. 1) (Sembrowich et al. 1985 (1); Brookes et al. 2004 (2); Rossi et al. 2009) (3); b) we recently discovered that, in adult skeletal muscle fibers, mitochondria and CRUs are placed in close proximity to each other (Fig. 2) and structurally linked by small strands called tethers (Fig. 3) (Boncompagni et al. 2009)(4).

Mitochondria association to Calcium Release Units is controlled by age and muscle activity