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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, non-coding RNAs that act as key regulators in various physiological and pathological processes as prostate cancer (PCa). In this study we describe molecular evaluation of 132 and 212 miRNAs expression, by Real-time reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), in a Caucasian man 64-year-old with locally advanced PCa (PSA 160 ng/ml, Gleason score 4+3/ISUP Grade Group 3, clinical stage T3NXM0) who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy plus extended pelvic lymphadenectomy (LAD) as first step of a multimodal therapeutic treatment. A normal prostate of a 67-year-old man removed by post mortem autopsy was used as a control in the study. The mRNA for this study was conducted on paraffined prostatic sections of: a) index case of PCa; b) metastatic lymph node of index case; c) normal prostate. MiRNA-132, miRNA- 212 and Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (as reference gene) assays were obtained. Definitive specimen showed a pT3bN1R1 stage: acinar cells adenocarcinoma with involvement of the seminal vesicles, multifocal positive surgical margins, Gleason score 8 (4+4/ISUP Grade Group 4), metastases in 5/25 iliac lymph nodes. An increased expression of miRNA-132 and miRNA-212 in index case of prostatic adenocarcinoma compared to normal prostate tissue was found; moreover, a lower expression of miR-132 and miR-212 in metastatic lymph node compared to primitive PCa and normal prostate tissue was demonstrated. Although a greater number of patients should be evaluated, these data suggest that the biology of the primary PCa, in our clinical case, was different from metastatic lymph node.

Expression of miR-132 and miR-212 in prostate cancer and metastatic lymph node: Case report and revision of the literature