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Without the help of stratigraphic data, most quantitative biostratigraphic methods would fail to ordinate assemblages that have no or very few co-occurring taxa. In such instances, the hierarchical pattern of cladograms may provide an independent means to ordinate fossil assemblages. Here we propose a method that uses phylogenetic information for the inference of biochronological ordination. The faunal components of various fossil assemblages are scored according to their placement in the cladograms of the groups to which they belong. The faunal ordinations inferred from each of the clades are then cross-compared. If these ordinations are statistically congruent, their scores are averaged into a single final order. The major advantage of the method is that it can ordinate fossil assemblages that share no taxa. The erection of such a 'phylogenetic biochronology' relies on explicit assumptions of phylogenetic accuracy, character acquisition, and completeness of the fossil record. This exploratory algorithm yields better results when good phylogenetic hypotheses are known and when the samples are not temporally clustered. A generalised mismatch between stratigraphic and phylogenetic data or poorly-known phylogenetic relationships may severely affect the outcomes of the method. Phylogeny estimates provide additional, independent but non-exclusive information for biochronologic inferences. Comparison of phylogenetic biochronologies with other sources of evidence provides a heuristic basis to address various aspects of paleoecology, paleobiogeography, quality of the fossil record and phylogenetic hypotheses.

Estimates of phylogeny and biochronology