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The War of the Pacific is a key moment for observing the deployment of Chilean and Peruvian national imaginaries. It is a context in which images, perceptions and ideas crystallised which still condition relations between the two nations today. In this article we propose to analyse war-like discourses during the conflict in order to unravel representations of “the enemy”, “people” and “nation”. Analysis of these concepts will illuminate the conflicting perceptions and ideas which Chileans and Peruvians forged for themselves during the war. Our hypothesis is that a nationalist discourse existed which appealed to people to exaggerate cultural and racial components in the enemy, giving them a meaning which went beyond the circumstantial causes of the war. In this war-like rhetoric, in which the war is presented as a “cultural” and “racial” shock, the imaginaries of the peoples and their lower orders-recognised as “rotos”, “araucanos” and “cholos”, become heavily meaningful words in the creation of war-like discourse. The sources used in this investigation are the written press on both sides, which contained articles, speeches, songs and poems created in the context of the armed conflict.

EL PUEBLO DE "FILIBUSTEROS" Y LA "RAZA DE MALVADOS": DISCURSOS NACIONALISTAS CHILENOS Y PERUANOS DURANTE LA GUERRA DEL PACÍFICO (1879-1884)