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Intensive livestock production and poor agricultural management have resulted to excessive loading of soil with phosphorus (P), thereby contributing to environmental pollution and impairment of water quality. A study was carried out to determine the extractability and bioavailability of P in soils treated with poultry litter (PL) co-composted with sugarcane and cabbage wastes. The manure was applied based on total P contents at 200 and 400 kg P ha-1, with maize (Zea mays L.) as the test crop. The co-composted PL increased maize growth relative to PL alone with the best growth occurring at the treatment rate of 400 kg P ha-1. Maize biomass and available P in soil varied in the order PL co-composted with sugarcane waste and cabbage waste (%) 50 > 33 > 25 > 0. Phosphorus contents in maize shoot were higher in sandy clay than silt loam soil and its recovery was higher in soil treated with PL co-composted sugarcane waste than co-composted with cabbage waste. An amendment with co-composted PL increased the extractable P fractions and P availability in the soils. The P fractions in the postharvest soils varied in the order HCl-P > H2O-P > NaHCO3-P > NaOH-P and the fractions were significantly higher in the sandy clay than the silt loam soil. Also, the PL co-composted with sugarcane waste exhibited higher levels of P fractions in soils than co-composted with cabbage waste. Thus, co-composting poultry manure with crop wastes would better improve plant growth and P nutrition than sole-composted manure.

Extractability and bioavailability of phosphorus in soils amended with poultry manure co-composted with crop wastes