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Given the current impact generated by human activities, biodiversity studies along the Chilean Pacific coast are a matter of high interest to scientists and decision makers. Actually, biodiversity is an important tool for the design, conservation and management of marine protected areas (CONAMA 2006; Salmo et al. 2000) as well as it is required for environmental impact evaluation and baseline studies under the environmental Chilean regulation (Buchmann et al. 2009). Actually, the marine Magellan ecosystem appears to be suitable for aquaculture. In fact, the Magellan area is under high pressure of a newly implemented salmon farming industry (Buchmann et al. 2006). In this sense, benthic diversity studies should have a high priority, because information about actual diversity patterns is urgently needed as baseline data for the recognition of future changes. However, the calculation of diversity in marine benthic communities is highly complex, because many supplies are required. We need, for example, to develop high ecological information level and a well-known species inventory of the area. In the moment we lack in the Magellan area large-scale studies to update environmental and taxonomical information. In this context, polychaetes with more than 300 described species (Montiel et al. 2005) are the second most diverse invertebrate group in the Magellan benthic realm (cf. Häussermann & Försterra 2009; Montiel et al. 2005; Montiel & Rozbaczylo 2009). Paradoxically, scarce studies on taxonomy and ecology of this invertebrate group have been realized in the Magellan area up to now, thus underlining that such studies on polychaetes are urgently needed. Under this scenario, we would like to dedicate the second 2010 number of the Anales del Instituto de la Patagonia (Volume 38, number 2) to Prof. Ernst Ehlers (1835–1925). He worked worldwide on polychaete taxonomy and he was the first annelidologist studying intensively the Magellan polychaete fauna. In his monographs “Polychaeten Hamburger Magelhaensische Sammelreise (149 pag., 9 plates, Hamburg, 1897)” and “Die Polychaeten des Magellanischen und Chilenischen Strandes, (232 pag. 25 plates, Berlin 1901)” he described 36 new species from 50 Magellan sampling sites. Nowadays, these monographs are considered an important contribution to the actual knowledge of the polychaete diversity and zoogeography in the Magellan area.

DIVERSITY, ECOLOGY AND TAXONOMY OF THE POLYCHAETES (ANNELIDA: POLYCHAETA) IN HONOR OF PROF ERNST EHLERS