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Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), is a destructive pest of wheat worldwide and an endemic pest in Tunisia. Twonatural populations of this insect from the North of Tunisia were evaluated, in the field, for their virulence, based onresponse developed by bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars carrying H3, H5, H6, H7H8, H11, H13 and H16resistance genes. H11, H13 and H16 showed a high effectiveness against both populations; therefore, their implication inHessian fly breeding programs would be of interest. The level of infestation, as well as the yield loss, was assessed, basedon the percentage of infested plants and variation in growth parameters due to infestation. The percentage of infestedplants, over a 2-yr period in Mateur, averaged 18.82% for durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.)and 32.50% for bread wheat. For the improved durum wheat cv. Karim used as reference, the plant height, number ofinternodes, number of productive tillers per plant, and 100-seed weight were negatively affected by infestation, whilethe number of tillers per plant was positively affected. Aiming to update information about the annual number of the flygenerations occurring on wheat, we surveyed infestation in Jedeida. At least three Hessian fly generations were detectedon bread wheat and durum wheat. Continued regular surveying of Hessian fly populations in terms of virulence, impact onyield and annual generations is required for optimal deployment of resistance genes and integrated management of Hessianfly across all wheat production areas.

Hessian Fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), Populations in the North of Tunisia: Virulence, Yield Loss Assessment and Phenological Data