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Maize is essential for human and animal nutrition in many countries; particularly, quality protein maize (QPM) can improve the diet of people with poor access to animal protein. The objective of the present study was to generate the genomic fingerprinting of six QPM lines and their fifteen simple crosses, analyze the pericarp morphometry of the seeds and relate both aspects to their protein quality. The seeds were provided by the Valle de México Experimental Station of the National Institute of Forestry, Agricultural and Livestock Research (INIFAP, Mexico). The anchored random amplification of the polymorphic DNA (RAMPD) was performed and the dendrogram was deployed (NTSYS) with the Nei and Li distance. For pericarp measurements, transversely sections were made with microtome in the seeds and observed under a microscope. The experiments were carried out (2017) with three replications (25 seeds) in the Biotechnology Unit, Instituto Politécnico Nacional and in the Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (Mexico City). The pericarp data were subjected to correlation analysis (P ≤ 0.05) and the tryptophan, lysine, protein and protein quality index contents obtained in previous experiments were included. The dendrogram grouped high QPM at distances less than 14%; in particular, the cross M3 x M6 had the lowest value (5%). Pericarp and elongated cells were negatively associated (P ≤ 0,05) with protein quality variables. The thickness of the pericarp was directly correlated (P ≤ 0,05) with the epicarp, endocarp, mesocarp area, and elongated cells, and inversely with the mesocarp. The detected relationships of RAMPD polymorphisms and the pericarp morphometry with the protein quality, would serve to make assisted improvement of QPM.

Relaciones genealógicas y morfometría del pericarpio en maíces con calidad de proteína