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espanolEn algunos paises pertenecientes a la tradicion del civil law, tales como Espana, Italia y Chile, solo recientemente se ha regulado la responsabilidad penal de las personas juridicas. Como consecuencia, surgen ciertas obligaciones de autorregulacion para las empresas, que se ven fuertemente incentivadas a implementar programas de prevencion y deteccion de delitos para evitar incurrir en responsabilidad por los delitos cometidos por sus agentes. A la luz de este nuevo escenario legal, en una primera parte de este articulo, se analizaran los elementos que debe contener un programa de cumplimiento penal para ser considerado eficaz, de tal forma que su implementacion efectiva en la organizacion permita a la empresa quedar exenta de responsabilidad. En segundo lugar, el analisis se centrara en la cuestion clave de como probar la eficacia de tales programas en el proceso penal, esto es, en determinar que medios de prueba son idoneos a tal fin, quien tiene la carga de probar la vigencia y la eficacia de tales programas en la organizacion y quien debe sufrir las consecuencias de la falta o la insuficiencia de la prueba. EnglishIn some countries belonging to the civil law tradition, such as Spain, Italy and Chile, corporate criminal liability has been regulated recently. As a consequence, certain selfregulation obligations emerge. Corporations are strongly encouraged to implement programs of prevention and detection of crimes to avoid being criminally responsible for crimes committed by their agents. In the light of this new legal scenario, this article in its first part analyzes the elements that criminal compliance programs should contain to be considered effective, in such a way that its effective implementation within the organization allows the corporation be exempted from liability. Secondly, the analysis will focus on the key issue of how to prove the effectiveness of such programs at a trial, that is, what means of evidence are suitable for this purpose, who has the burden of proving the validity and effectiveness of such programs and who must suffer the consequences of the lack or insufficiency of evidence.

La efectividad de los criminal compliance programs como objeto de prueba en el proceso penal