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In vitro culture is a very popular technique to mass propagate valuable plant genotypes, including Prunus sp. cultivars. Plants that undergo tissue culture processes often change their morphology and behavior due to the “rejuvenation” caused by the plant growth regulators included in the medium. To evaluate the effects of rejuvenation by tissue culture in Prunus sp., the expression patterns of the aging gene pathway described in plant models, which include the highly conserved microRNA (miRNA or miR) 156/157 and 172 families and several of their respective target genes, were analyzed in distinct Prunus sp. genotypes at different phases of maturity, including true seedling and tissue culture micropropagated plants. In genotypes from true seedling plants, the expression of miR156 and miR157 was higher in the leaves of juvenile plants (one year old) than in those of adult plants (six year old). The opposite pattern was observed with miRNA172 expression. Our results suggest that the aging gene pathway is relatively conserved in Prunus and likely plays a key role in vegetative phase change. However, Prunus sp. plants that were rejuvenated and propagated by in vitro methods showed more erratic behavior for miR156 and miR157 and their target genes, suggesting that tissue culture alters the normal control of the aging pathway. El cultivo in vitro es una tecnica muy popular para propagar en masa genotipos de plantas valiosas, incluyendo cultivares de Prunus sp. Las plantas que se someten a procesos de cultivo de tejidos a menudo cambian su morfologia y comportamiento debido a la “rejuvenilizacion” causada por los reguladores de crecimiento de planta incluidos en el medio. Para evaluar el efecto de la rejuvenilizacion por cultivo de tejido en Prunus sp, los patrones de expresion de la via genica del envejecimiento descrita en plantas modelos, la cual incluye a las familias altamente conservadas de microRNAs (miR) 156/157 y miR172 y varios de sus genes blancos respectivos, fueron analizados en diferentes genotipos de Prunus sp. En fases de madurez distintas, incluyendo tanto plantas provenientes de semilla verdadera como micropropagadas mediante cultivo de tejidos. En los genotipos de plantas que provienen de semilla verdadera, la expresion de microR156 and miR157 fue mas alta en hojas de plantas juveniles que en plantas adultas. El patron opuesto fue observado con el patron de expresion de miR172. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la via genica del envejecimiento es conservada en Prunus y probablemente juega una funcion en el cambio de fase vegetativo. Sin embargo, plantas de Prunus sp. que fueron rejuvenecidas y propagadas por metodos in vitro mostraron un comportamiento mas erratico para los mi156 y miR157 y sus genes blancos, sugiriendo que el cultivo de tejidos altera el control normal de la via del envejecimiento.

AGING GENE PATHWAY OF MICRORNAS 156/157 AND 172 IS ALTERED IN JUVENILE AND ADULT PLANTS FROM IN VITRO PROPAGATED Prunus sp.