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espanolEl complejo cenicilla (Leveillula taurica y Erysiphe sp.) es una de las principales limitaciones en la produccion de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) en el Valle de Azapa, Chile, especialmente en cultivos protegidos donde las opciones de fungicidas quimicos se reducen. En este estudio se evaluo el efecto de 0,5 y 1,0 kg-100 L-1 OSPO-V55 ® y de la leche de vaca al 10%. OSPO-V55 ®; 10 y 0,8% p/p de extracto algas marinas (IB - 101) y concentrado de microorganismos respectivamente, que contiene flavonoides y Alcaloides, fenoles, oligo y polisacaridos, 8,6% proteinas, 0,5% de magnesio y cantidades traza de riboflavina, niacina y acido ascorbico. Para la comparacion se incluyeron Tacora Mas ®, una mezcla de 25% tebuconazol y el 12,5% carbendazim, y Acoidal WG, azufre humectable. Fue validada una escala diagramatica para evaluar severidad de cenicilla en tomate y esta se utilizo para cuantificar el dano y el efecto de los tratamientos. Tambien se evaluo el efecto de los tratamientos sobre la germinacion conidial de L. taurica y Erysiphe sp. Tacora Mas® proporciona el mejor control del cenicilla en campo, seguido OSPO-V55 ® 1,0 kg-100 L-1 y Acoidal. Sin embargo, OSPO-V55 ® fue mas eficaz que Acoidal WG®. Todos los tratamientos incluyendo la leche de vaca cruda redujeron significativamente (P≤0,05) la severidad de la enfermedad en la hoja en comparacion con el control. Ambas superficies de las hojas fueron evaluadas, pero los mejores resultados se obtuvieron en la superficie abaxial, lo que se asocio con diferencias en mojamiento. Acoidal fue el tratamiento mas eficaz para inhibir la germinacion conidial, sobre un 98,2%, significativamente diferente de Tacora Mas® y a los tratamientos alternativos. OSPO-V55® y la leche cruda de vaca mostraron diferencias significativas (P≤0,05) en la germinacion conidial en comparacion con el control. Basandose en estos resultados se concluye que OSPO-V55 y la leche cruda de vaca puede ser un tratamiento alternativo, dentro de un manejo integrado pera el control del complejo cenicilla en tomate. EnglishThe powdery mildew complex (Leveillula taurica and Erysiphe sp.) is one of the major factors limiting tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production in the Azapa Valley, Chile. This problem is especially severe in the case of protected crops because the options for the treatment of these crops with chemical fungicides are limited. This study evaluated the effects of 0.5 and 1.0 kg100 L-1 Ospo-V55® and 10% raw cow's milk on tomato leaflets infected by powdery mildew complex. Ospo-V55®, with active ingredients consisting of 10% p/p of algae extract (IB-101) and 0.8% of microorganism concentrate, was evaluated in this study. Ospo-V55® contains flavonoids, alkaloids and phenols, oligo- and polysaccharides, 8.6% protein, 0.5% magnesium and trace amounts of riboflavin, niacin and ascorbic acid. Tacora Mas® (a mixture of 25% tebuconazole and 12.5% carbendazime) and Acoidal WG (wettable sulfur) were included for comparison with the Ospo-V55® and raw cow's milk treatments. A diagrammatic scale to assess the severity of the disease was validated and used to quantify the damage resulting from tomato powdery mildew and the effects of the treatments. The effect of the treatments on the germination of the conidia of L. taurica and Erysiphe sp. was also studied on water agar. Tacora Mas® provided the best control of powdery mildew in the field, followed by 1.0 kg100 L-1 Ospo-V55® and Acoidal. However, Ospo-V55® was more effective than Acoidal. All treatments, including raw cow's milk, significantly (P≤0.05) reduced disease severity in the leaf compared with the control. Both surfaces of the leaves were assessed, and better results were obtained on the upper surface. This difference was associated with differences in wetting. Acoidal was the most effective treatment for inhibiting conidia germination, decreasing germination more than 98.2%. This result differed significantly from the value of inhibition produced by Tacora Mas®. Ospo-V55® and raw cow's milk showed significant differences (P≤0.05) in conidial germination compared with the control. Based on these results, we conclude that Ospo-V55 and raw cow's milk can be used in an integrated management program as alternative treatments to control tomato powdery mildew complex.

The alternative control of powdery mildew complex (Leveillula taurica and Erysiphe sp.) in tomato in the Azapa Valley, Chile