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Soil erosion increases after building downward ridges along steep hillslopes, in particular during the first winter. This erosion decreases when trees grow, but runoff increases. This study presents results of erosion under five different treatments: (i) soil cover with native vegetation, (ii) bare downward ridges, (iii) downward ridges with six year-old avocado orchard, (iv) downward ridges with plant cover and (v) downward ridges covered with agroindustrial waste sludge. The results revealed 20 t ha-1 of soil erosion during the first year after ridges were built, while mitigation measures can reduce erosion in 90%. Adult orchard showed the largest runoff, which probably is due to the effect of a high and about constant soil moisture during irrigation period and smaller infiltration capacity of eroded soil. La erosion de suelos en un huerto de paltos cultivados en camellones a favor de pendiente es alta en la condicion de camellon desnudo, especialmente durante el primer invierno. Luego, la perdida de suelo disminuye con el desarrollo de los arboles, ocurriendo lo contrario con la escorrentia. Esta practica, masificada en Chile central durante las ultimas decadas, deja el suelo descubierto y disgregado, favoreciendo la erosion y escorrentia. En el presente trabajo se cuantifica el transporte de sedimentos durante al menos tres anos bajo tres cubiertas diferentes: i) antes de la preparacion de suelo, con vegetacion nativa, ii) camellon desnudo y iii) camellon con paltos adultos. De igual forma, se evaluan medidas de mitigacion como i) camellon con cobertura herbacea y ii) camellon con lodos de agroindustria. Los resultados muestran una perdida de mas de 20 t ha-1 de suelo durante el primer invierno tras el establecimiento de camellones, en tanto que las medidas de mitigacion reducen la erosion un 90%. La mayor escorrentia registrada en el huerto se debe, probablemente, al efecto del riego y la menor infiltracion de un suelo ya erosionado.

Quantification and control of runoff and soil erosion on avocado orchards on ridges along steep-hillslopes