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The concentration of trace elements and other analytes of environmental interest was determined in waters and sediments of the Coya and Cachapoal rivers (VI Region, Central Chile), which corresponds to a location highly polluted by copper mining activity. Analysis showed the highest pollution at the sampling station closest to the copper smelter (Caletones), then pollutant concentrations decrease at sites far away from this source. The statistical correlation between the different variables determined in waters and sediments was carried out through a principal components analysis (PCA). It was observed that the parameters fell into three groups: (a) analytes present in waters and sediments which come from the mining wastes (b) analytes of lithoge- nic character present in waters plus alkaline and alkaline earth metals plus organic matter present in sediments and waters, and (c) lithogenic elements present in sediments. On the other hand, by using cluster analysis (CA), it was possible to group the different sampling stations according to their extent of pollution. it was found that arsenic was mainly present as As(V) in both water and sediment, and organic arsenic species were not detected. The presence of high concentrations of arsenic and copper found in all the samples under analysis suggests a real impact of the mining activity over the region. The presence of arsenic in water and in sediments probably resulted from an acid drainage, because pollution clearly diminished with the distance from the source. In the case of soils, they can be impacted by irrigation with river water. However, the high concentration values determined at sites far from the source suggest that soil pollution is more related to air particles deposited in soils. At the most impacted sites, most arsenic is immobilized as a form of As (V). 9

journal of the chilean chemical society

PRELIMINARY PHYSICAL CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF RIVER WATERS AND SEDIMENTS AFFECTED BY COPPER MINING ACTIVITY IN CENTRAL CHILE: APPLICATION OF MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS