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Recent technical and technological advancements in orthognathic surgery concepts, intricate in the diagnosis and treatment planning for corrections of dento-facial deformities, have achieved stable oro-dental functional occlusion and facial estheti harmony. Undeniably, this can be attributed to the integration of modern, innovative and advanced facial analysis and computeraided imaging exams into well-orchestrated and executed orthodontic and surgical methods. Three-Dimensional (3-D) virtual planning is a fine example. Today, the acquisition of 3-D images of a patient’s craniofacial complex via cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) , supported by software tools allowing the construction of 3-D dynamic and interactive visual models, eliminates the uncertainty experie ced with two-dimensional images. Thereby allowing for a more accurate or predictable treatment plan and efficient surgery, especial l for patients with complex dento-facial deformities. This review article aims to describe the current benefits as well as shortcomin gs of 3-D virtual planning via discussing examples and illustrations from orthognathic procedures, attained from the reported English and Spanish literature during the last 10 years. It is designed to deliver updated and practical guidelines for dental practitioners and sp cialists (particularly, oral and maxillofacial), as well as researchers involved in 3-D virtual approaches as an alternative to conventi nal/tradi onal surgical planning; thereby validating its superiority or benefits in terms of outcome prediction for soft and hard tissues, ope rational timeand cost-effectiveness; for its integration in day-to-day practise.

international journal of morphology

3-H in 3-D: Envisaging Beyond the Current Hype, the Hope and Hurdles of Three-Dimensional &amp;#8220;Virtual Planning&amp;#8221; in Orthognathic Surgery