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SUMMARY : Facial palsy, parotid diseases and others are a relatively common clinical condition with a variety of causes.Irrespective of its etiology, facial palsy always represents a very serious problem for the patient. Parotid gland diseases also are verycommon occurrence. In this particular case, the knowledge of surgical anatomy of the facial nerve and its correlations with the parotidgland is very important for an adequate preservation in the cases of surgery of benign and malignant diseases of the parotid gland.Although the surgical anatomy of the facial nerve has been well documented, the concept of surgical treatment for parotid tumors, facialpalsy (neurorraphy techniques) and submandibular surgical approach are rarely challenged now. KEY WORDS: Facial nerve; Surgical anatomy; Facial palsy; Parotid gland. INTRODUCTION The facial nerve consists of the facial nerve properand the intermedius nerve. The former originates frommotoneurons in the facial nucleus situated ventrolaterally inthe caudal portion of the pons. The motor axons first turndorso-medially towards the abducens nucleus round the dor-sal side of this nucleus and then course ventrolaterally. Boththe facial nerve proper and the intermedius nerve emergefrom the CNS in the cerebellopontine angle at the caudalborder of the pons, between the abducens nerve and the stato-acoustic nerve (Machado, 1998).As it exits through the stylomastoid foramen, theextracranial portion of the facial nerve may be located 5 cmbelow the skin. Here, it immediately gives off branches tothe auricular muscles, the posterior belly of the digastricmuscle and the stylohyoid muscle. It supplies sensory (vagal)fibers to parts of the external auditory canal and some areasto the auricle, including the lobulus (Ranson & Clark, 1959;Barr & Kiernan, 1983; May & Schaitkin, 2000). The nervethen courses ventrally and at the posterior edge of the parotidgland, it splits into upper and lower divisions. Within theparotid gland, there is further branching with many indivi-dual variations (Davis

Anatomy of the Facial Nerve and its Implication in the Surgical Procedures