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The frontal lobe, the most human part of the brain (Goldberg), has been intensely studied, particularly in the last decades. This region is crucial for the control of behavior, cognition, planning, and working memory. Both behavior and higher cognitive abilities depend importantly on the arousal level, and on the autonomic responses that anticipate and accompany behaviors. In this review we will discuss the role played by the medial prefrontal cortex in controlling the level of vigilance and the autonomic and endocrine responses that are crucial for normal behavior. We will also discuss how dysfunctions of the medial prefrontal cortex resulting in the loss of the cortical control over arousal (both behavioral and vegetative) can help to explain the behavioral alterations observed in patients with posttraumatic stress, schizophrenia, attentional deficit and hyperactivity disorder and antisocial and aggressive behavior. Additionally we will discuss how studies in rats may give us valuable information about of the mechanisms by which the medial prefrontal cortex is capable of controlling the arousal state, autonomic and emotional responses in humans.

La corteza prefrontal medial controla el alerta conductual y vegetativo: Implicancias en desórdenes de la conducta