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The complexity of the human diet has instigated researchers to look for a more adequate way to qualitatively and quantitatively assess food consumption and nutrient adequacy, and to relate diet to health. The objective of this study was to assess the diet quality through the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) of 35 preschool children attending a non-profit day care center on Paqueta Island (state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) at the moment of enrolling and after six-month by comparing food consumption during weekdays and on the weekend. The dietary assessment was obtained by food history (at the moment of enrolling) using weighed food record method complementing it with information about nutrition at home (after the children's six-month attendance in the day care center) and by food records (on the weekend at home). Later, HEI was determined at the two time points. After the children's six-month attendance in the day care center the mean HEI showed that diet quality was good (score of 88.8). At the moment of enrolling and on weekends, the diet quality needed improvement. Despite the improvement of the diet quality during weekdays, this study demonstrated that the healthful dietary habits are not carried into the weekend at home. La complejidad de la dieta humana incita a los investigadores a buscar los medios mas adecuados para evaluar cualitativa y cuantitativamente no solo el consumo de los alimentos y la adecuacion de nutrientes, sino relacionar la ausencia de salud con la dieta. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la calidad de la dieta a traves del uso del Indice de Alimentacion Saludable (IAS) [Healthy Eating Index - HEI] de 35 preescolares de una guarderia filantropica, en el acto de matricula y despues de 6 meses de frecuencia. Se comparo el consumo dietetico durante y al final de la semana. La evaluacion dietetica se obtuvo con la historia alimentaria (preguntada al momento de matricularse) con el metodo de pesaje directo de los alimentos, complementada con el consumo alimentario en casa (despues de 6 meses en la guarderia) y por el registro de alimentacion del fin de semana. Se determino el IAS en los dos momentos de la investigacion (al matricularse y despues de 6 meses en la guarderia). Se observo despues de 6 meses de frecuencia de los ninos en la guarderia que el promedio del IAS demostro una buena calidad de la dieta (puntuacion 88,8). Al matricularse y en los finales de semana, quedo demostrado que es necesario mejorar la calidad de la dieta de los ninos. Se concluye que a pesar de la mejor calidad dietetica durante la semana este estudio demostro que los habitos alimentarios saludables no se practican durante el fin de semana en su casa.

ASSESSMENT OF THE GLOBAL DIET QUALITY OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN AT A NON-PROFIT DAY CARE CENTER: COMPARISON AT TWO TIME POINTS