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espanolLos grupos sociales que inicialmente habitaban el nucleo hiperarido del Desierto de Atacama en el norte de Chile durante el Pleistoceno tardio integraron una amplia gama de bienes e ideas, locales, regionales y supra regionales, para su reproduccion social, como lo sugieren las evidencias arqueologicas materiales recuperadas en varios campamentos al aire libre en Pampa del Tamarugal (PdT). Los recursos locales para mantener su vida diaria, incluian materias primas liticas, fibras de plantas y animales, presas de caza y agua dulce adquiridos en un radio de -30 km (ca. 1-2 dias de viaje). A escala regional, se introdujeron algunos elementos desde la costa del Pacifico (60-80 km hacia el oeste, ca. 3 a 4 dias de viaje), incluidos rodados redondeados alargados, utilizados como percutores en la produccion litica y conchas, especialmente de especies no comestibles de moluscos. Desde los Andes (80-150 km al este, ca. 5-8 dias de viaje), obtuvieron fibra de camelido, obsidiana y una calcedonia de alta calidad, ademas de compartir conocimientos sobre disenos de puntas de proyectil (tipo Patapatane y Tuina). Tambien se llevaron a la PdT trozos de madera de una especie de arbol de los bosques tropicales (Ceiba spp.) de las tierras bajas al este de los Andes (600 km de distancia, ca. 30 dias de viaje). Mientras que los bienes locales fueron adquiridos por la circulacion de personas dentro de la PdT, el pequeno numero de articulos foraneos se adquirieron a traves de redes de intercambio que integraron comunidades locales dispersas en varios ecosistemas; lo que debio ser un factor clave detras del exito demostrado por estos primeros cazadores-recolectores en los ecosistemas hiperaridos del Desierto de Atacama hacia el final del Pleistoceno. Diferentes lineas de evidencia arqueologica que incluyen campamentos al aire libre, talleres, canteras, artefactos liticos, restos arqueofaunales, fibras y textiles de plantas y animales, restos arqueobotanicos y datos paleoecologicos, muestran que la gente de la PdT manejaron una amplia gama de elementos culturales desde la costa del Pacifico, el altiplano andino y el bosque tropical, que se integraron a los recursos recolectados localmente dentro de los sistemas socioculturales establecidos al final del Pleistoceno. Estos resultados se interpretan como una expresion material de una red de multiples escalas para la gestion de recursos y otros requisitos sociales e inmateriales, lo que en otras palabras, significaria que estos grupos sociales estaban conectados activamente con redes de interaccion regionales (costa y tierras altas) y supra-regionales (transandinas) desde y hacia la PdT. EnglishThe social groups that initially inhabited the hyper arid core of the Atacama Desert of northern Chile during the late Pleistocene integrated a wide range of local, regional and supra regional goods and ideas for their social reproduction as suggested by the archaeological evidence contained in several open camps in Pampa del Tamarugal (PdT). Local resources for maintaining their every-day life, included stone raw material, wood, plant and animal fibers, game, and fresh water acquired within a radius of ~30 km (ca. 1-2 days journey). At a regional scale, some goods were introduced from the Pacific coast (60-80 km to the west, ca. 3-4 days journey), including elongated rounded cobbles used as hammer stones in lithic production, and shells, especially from non-edible species of mollusks. From the Andes (ranging 80-150 km to the east, ca. 5-8 days of journey), they obtained camelid fiber, obsidian and a high-quality chalcedony, in addition to sharing knowledge on projectile point designs (Patapatane and Tuina type forms). Pieces of wood of a tropical forest tree species (Ceiba spp.) from the east Andean lowlands (600 km away, ca. 30 days of journey) were also brought to the PdT. While local goods were procured by the circulation of people within the PdT, the small number of foreign items would have been acquired through some sort of exchange networks that integrated dispersed local communities throughout several ecosystems. These networks may have been a key factor behind the success exhibited by these early hunter-gatherers in the hyper arid ecosystems of the Atacama Desert at the end of the Pleistocene. Different lines of archaeological evidence including open camps, workshop-quarries, lithic artifacts, archaeofaunal remains, plant and animal fibers and textiles, archaeobotanical remains, and paleoecological data show that people of the PdT managed a wide range of cultural items from the Pacific coast, the Andean highland and the tropical forest, that were integrated with resources gathered locally within the socio-cultural systems established by the end of the Pleistocene. These results are interpreted as material expressions of multi-scalar networking for resource management and other social material and immaterial requirements, which in other words, means that these people were actively connected to regional (coastal and highland), and supra-regional (trans-Andean) exchange networks from and out of the PdT.

FROM THE PACIFIC TO THE TROPICAL FORESTS: NETWORKS OF SOCIAL INTERACTION IN THE ATACAMA DESERT, LATE IN THE PLEISTOCENE