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Mines, spoils, retention walls and pads are the most common material remains of pre-Hispanic mining activity studied byarchaeologists. In this paper we will focus on yet another category, the mining ergology, defined as the material artefacts associatedwith day to day mining activities. Mining ergology seeks to document the technological equipment of the pre-Hispanic miner, whichis seldom found in archaeological contexts due to poor preservation of organic materials. The arid conditions of the Atacama desertoffer unique conservation possibilities which have shown a varied mining ergology that includes hafted stone hammers bound towooden handles with rawhide and wool, lithic hammer heads, lithic and wooden shovels, baskets and capachos (rawhide sacks).The study of these components complements our knowledge of pre-Hispanic mining technologies and increases our understandingof the organization of mining operations, the diachrony of mining activity, the variability and continuity of the material record, andtherefore of mining and its development in the Andes in general

PRE-HISPANIC MINING ERGOLOGY OF NORTHERN CHILE: AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE