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Entamoeba histolytica produces Monocyte Locomotion Inhibitory Factor (MLIF), which may contribute to the delayed inflammation observed in amoebic hepatic abscesses. Leukocytes are affected through the modulation of cytokine expression and/or production. We evaluated the effects of MLIF on the activation and production of intracellular cytokines in human CD4+ T lymphocytes by flow cytometry. Cells were stimulated for 24 h with PMA, MLIF, or PMA+MLIF. Cellular activation was measured using anti-CD69. Th1/Th2 production was studied by the expression of intracellular cytokines and cytokine/chemokine receptors. MLIF increased CD69 and induced the over-expression of the IL-lss, IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 intracellular cytokines; PMA+MLIF inhibited Th1 cytokine (IFN-gamma) and increased Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). The co-expression of the cytokine and chemokine receptors IFN-gamma/CCR5 and IL-1ss/CCR5 was inhibited by PMA+MLIF and Th2 co-expression was increased. MLIF effects varied depending on the conditions. MLIF alone activated the Th1 and Th2 cytokines and cytokine/receptor expression; however, PMA+MLIF increased the expression of Th2 but inhibited it in Th1.

Effect of the monocyte locomotion inhibitory factor (MLIF) produced by E. histolityca on cytokines and chemokine receptors in T CD4+ lymphocytes