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The osteoarticular infection (OAI) is a severe and sequeling pathology, in which early diagnosis is important for a successful outcome. The yield of microbiological study is variable (60-90%) and it depends on the infection site, the kind of sample and the microbiological methods employed. The aim of this study was to improve bacteriological confirmation through a broadened request of cultures and new strategies for transport of OAI and inoculation of samples. Patients with clinical suspiction of OAI were evaluated with direct Gram stain and cultures done in aerobiosis, Thayer Martin medium, anaerobiosis, fungal medium, mycobacteria appropriate medium and with blood cultures. All synovial fluid samples were inoculated into microbiological tubes (Becton Dickinson) and the tissue samples obtained by punction under CT scan vision were inoculated into blood culture flasks (BacT/Alert, OT). Eighty six patients were studied and 51 finally were diagnosed as OAI. The global microbiological yield was 86%, being heigher in osteomyelitis and prosthesis infection than in septic arthritis (88, 100 and 82%, respectively). Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent pathogen, independently of OAI type, followed by Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Direct Gram stain had a sensitivity of 57% and it was positive in 5 patients whose cultures showed no growth. Blood culture was the only positive method in 6 patients. The sensitivity of tissue sample obtained under CT scan and inoculated into blood culture flasks was 90%. The yield of bone or synovial tissue cultures was better than joint fluid (92 versus 69%) and the global microbiological confirmation was better in adults than in children (94% and 72%, respectively). We conclude that the implementation of microbiological tubes and direct inoculation Rendimiento del estudio microbiológico en el diagnóstico de la infección osteoarticular ARTICULO ORIGINAL