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In surgical site infection (SSI), surveillance/direct observation by certified nurse in infection control (CNIC) has been more important than that by surgeon or ward staff alone because of the correct estimation of the incident rate of SSI. Only 42.1% of hospitals in Japan have performed SSI surveillance by CNIC, suggesting the possibility of underestimation of the incident rate of SSI. When we retrospectively re-evaluated the cases of SSI surveillance by CNIC in 2016, the 2.6% (13/498 cases) of incident rate of SSI assessed by surgeon alone increased to 8.8% (44/498 cases), with a statistically significant difference (p<0.001). In 2017, the incident rate of SSI was 9.8% (13/ 133 cases) and 15.8% (21/133 cases) determined by surgeon alone and surgeon with CNIC, respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference between these rates (p = 0.099). In conclusion, direct observation of SSI by CNIC may reduce the underestimation of the incident rate of SSI and contribute to the correct assessment of SSI by surgeon.

Reduced Underestimation of Surgical Site Infection on Surveillance by Both Doctors and Certified Nurses in Infection Control