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Pharmacy surveillance for early detection of the outbreak of infectious diseases monitors the number of prescriptions which prescribe anti-in‰uenza virus drug, anti-herpes-group-virus drug, pain relief, drug for common cold, and antimicrobials. Recently, as outbreaks of drug resistant bacterium had emerged, international comparison of antimicrobials use has been performed in countries other than Japan. The method is considered for estimation of the number of antimicrobials use for outpatients in the whole of Japan in a year. Antimicrobials were classiˆed as penicillin, cephem, macrolide, quinolones, and others, and the number of prescription counted. Then using the distribution of amount in a prescription estimated by the previous research, we estimated the total amount of antimicrobials used in the whole of Japan in a year. Amount of antimicrobials used was shown as Deˆned Daily Dose in a day per 1000 population. The review period was August 2010 until July 2011. Amount of antimicrobials used was high in December, low in August, and the largest volume used was macrolide. DDD in a day per 1000 population was 10.16 in average in the whole of Japan. Western Japan used more volume than Eastern Japan. Compared with other countries, Japan was ranked at middle to lower. International comparison of antimicrobials used is more valuable if performed regularly, even if not in real time. Pharmacy surveillance can provide estimates at any time as shown, which proves the usefulness of pharmacy surveillance. Key wordsantimicrobials, prescription, deˆned daily dose (DDD), surveillance, pharmacy

Estimation of Amount of Antimicrobials Used by Pharmacy Surveillance