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During recent decades fertility in Sweden has evolved in tandem with the business cycle. Supported by social policies, both women and men tend to postpone starting a family until they have acquired a secure job with decent earnings. In this study we add to previous research by investigating how the stability of employment matters in first-birth decisions for women and men and for Swedish- and foreign-born people in Sweden. We use a combination of Labor Force Survey data on employment and register data on demographic behavior to disentangle the various dimensions of labor market status, gender and migration status in first birth behavior. Our study demonstrates that foreign born persons seem to adapt to the behavior of native Swedes and that patterns for women and men are largely similar. Swedish- and foreign-born women and men who are not in the labor force have reduced propensities to become a parent. In most cases, we also find reduced propensities of starting a family for those with temporary employment as compared to those permanently employed.

Labor-market status, migrant status and first childbearing in Sweden