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The role of chicken TNF-like ligand 1A (ChTL1A) on inflammation and its receptor candidates was investigated to further understand its function as a proinflammatory cytokine. ChTL1A decreased the viability of CHO-K1 cells transfected with chicken TNFR2 or decoy receptor 3 and bound to TNFR2 and decoy receptor 3. ChTL1A was detected in chicken blood samples taken 4 h after LPS injection. Increased mRNA for inflammatory response-related factors such as IL-1beta, IL-6, ChTL1A, IFN-gamma, inducible NO synthase, and cyclooxygenase 2 were found in spleen samples following LPS injection. Ceruloplasmin and alpha(1) acid glycoprotein (as positive acute phase proteins) were increased in chicken plasma 12 h after ChTL1A injection. The injection of anti-ChTL1A Ab was able to prevent typical increases in plasma nitrite plus nitrate, ceruloplasmin, and alpha(1) acid glycoprotein concentrations following LPS injection. These results indicate that ChTL1A is a proinflammatory cytokine in chickens, animals that do not have TNF-alpha and lymphotoxin alpha orthologous genes, and that its proinflammatory action is, at least in part, expressed through binding to TNFR2.

Role of Chicken TL1A on Inflammatory Responses and Partial Characterization of Its Receptor