English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Immature myeloid and NK cells exist, and undergo cytokine-induced differentiation, in the periphery. In this study, we show that also immature CD2(-/low) T cells exist in peripheral blood. These cells produce the type 2 cytokines IL-13, IL-4, and IL-5, but not IFN-gamma or IL-10, and, upon culture with IL-12- and TCR-mediated stimuli, differentiate to IL-13(+)IFN-gamma(+) cells producing high IL-2 levels, and finally IL-13(-)IFN-gamma(+) cells. The monokine combination IL-12, IL-18, and IFN-alpha substitutes for TCR-mediated stimulation to induce the same differentiation process in both immature CD2(-/low) and primary mature CD2(+) IL-13(+) T cells. IFN-alpha is needed to maintain high level IL-2 production, which is confined to type 2 cytokine-producing cells and lost in the IFN-gamma(+) ones. Upon TCR-mediated stimulation, IFN-gamma(+) cells are then induced to produce IL-10 as they undergo apoptosis. These data indicate that peripheral type 2 cytokine(+) T cells are immature cells that can differentiate to effector IFN-gamma(+) cells following a linear monokine-regulated pathway identical with that previously described for NK cells. They define the cellular bases to support that cell-mediated immune responses are regulated not only via Ag-induced activation of mature effector cells, but also via bystander monokine-induced maturation of immature T cells.

Peripheral Immature CD2−/low T Cell Development from Type 2 to Type 1 Cytokine Production