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The following results were obtained from comparative observation on roentgenological and pathological findings of 138 surgically resected tuberculous human lungs and tuberculous hungs of 160 experimental animals.1) Roentgenograms of pulmonary tuberculosis were classified from purely morphological aspect according to shapes of shadows of the lesions.2) X-ray pictures of military tuberculosis in infected animals seem to be influenced not only by the characteristics of pathologic changes, namely productive processes or exudative processes, but also by the difference of pathologic changes in initial and advanced stages in particular.3) 68.7% of pin-point-sized shadow in the X-ray pictures of dissemination type are accompanied by central caseation necrosis and nonspecific exudative peripheral inflammation and those of bronchial dissemination type show more chronic histologic changes than those of hematogenous dissemination type.4) In the human specimens, the mottled shadow lesions and the patchy shadow lesions were pathologically compared. In the former, encapsulated caseous lesions are predominant in number(70.8%), and on the other hand small cavities with central softening and peripheral inflammation are predominant and fibrous proliferation is not remarkable in the latter.5) In the human specimens, roentgenographically, tuberculomas of round isolated tend to calcify in cases in which Iesion are smaller than finger tip size (1 x 1. 2 cm), but they tend to soften in cases in which lesions arelarger than those.6) In the X-ray pictures of lobar pneumonic type in the infected animals, it is impossible to differentiate each of the following three; pure exudative process, lobar exudative process with partial caseous degeneration and pure lobar caseous pneumonia.Roentgenographic differences among them first appear only after formation of softened cavities.7) Thin walled cavities in roentgenograms of the human specimens indicate diminution of peripheral inflammation and complete evacuation of gaseous materials from the early cavities.8) In the human specimens, roentgenographic thick-walled cavities consist of 27.8 % ofsclerotic cavity, 64.4% of early cavity and 7.8% of tuberculoma which are often and disintegrated. They are influenced by connective tissue of cavity wall, presence or absence of peripheral inflammation and degree of remaining of caseous materials and they do not always mean sclerotic cavity.9) In infected animals, it it characteristic that the giant cviity containing lobe tends to enlarge, and the main cause of this is considered that the enlargement of cavity if self and edema of tissue surrounding cavity due to sudden softening of the lesion of caseous bronchopneumonia.10) The location of cavities which are observed in the human specimens is found in the following order of frequency. In the right lung, the posterior segment is 34.5 % and the superior segment 7.2%. In the left lung the apico-pos-terior segment is 46.3%, and the superior segment 5.4%.

A Roentgenological and Pathological Study on the Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Human and Experimental Animals