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The cytotoxicty of Alpinia calcarata rhizome and leaf extracts, fractions and essential oils were evaluated in vitro against human lung NCI-H460 and cervical HeLa cancer cell lines using sulphorhodamine-B assay. Although an array of bioactivities of A. calcarata rhizome have been reported previously, no attempt has been made to study the cytotoxicity of rhizome in human lung NCI-H460 and cervical HeLa cancer cell lines. In the present study , both the leaf and rhizome extracts (ethanolic and water) along with their fractions (hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, butanol and water) and essential oils against human lung (NCI-H460) and human cervical (HeLa) cancer cell lines were investigated. Fresh rhizomes and leaves of Alpinia calcarata , collected from Western Province of Sri Lanka were used to obtain the extracts. The essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation. All the samples were stored at 4 °C. The extracts, fractions and essential oils demonstrated a varying degree of growth inhibition against NCI-H460 cell line. Several fractions showed high growth inhibitory activity (4-94%). The growth inhibition order was, rhizome water extract (107.7%) < rhizome ethanolic extract (68.2%) < leaf ethanolic extract (-25.1%) < leaf water extract (-72.3%) < rhizome oil (-93.0%) < leaf oil (-94.3%). Dichloromethane fraction of leaf ethanolic extract (-33.8%) showed the most promising inhibition at GI50: 30.6 μg/mL on NCI-H460. For HeLa cells, the ethyl acetate (-0.5%), butanol (-5.0%) and aqueous fractions (-18.1%) of rhizome water extract showed high growth inhibitions. The potency of the growth inhibition was, rhizome ethanolic extract (76.56%) < rhizome water extract (16.65%) < leaf oil (15.88%) < rhizome oil (-49.34%). Efficacy and mechanisms of action in various normal and cancer cell models coupled with bioassay-guided purification to identify active anticancer compound(s) from the crude extract will be useful.

sri lankan journal of biology/sri lankan journal of biology

Evaluation of cytotoxicity of leaf and rhizome extracts of &lt;em&gt;Alpinia calcarata&lt;/em&gt; rosc. against human lung nci-h460 and cervical hela cancer cell lines