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Following two seminal papers published in the\udjournal Paleobiology by Stephen Jay Gould and\udElisabeth Vrba several decades ago, I suggest a new\udterm (stoch-aptation) to refer to those individual traits or\udsets of traits that provide, just by chance, fitness adventages\udto species when faced with catastrophes (i.e.\udgeological events triggering massive mortality), and that\udmay lead to the origin of taxonomical entities above the\udspecies level. I provide as an example of stoch-aptations\udthe set of features that helped mammals pass the\udCretaceous-Paleogene transition, as well as traits behind\udthe success of living fossils. However, the identification\udof specific stoch-aptations can be difficult. This missing\udterm is necessary and useful to (a) consolidate the idea\udof selection at different hierarchical levels, (b) acknowledge\udthe role of chance in the evolution of higher\udtaxonomical categories and (c) think of the role of\udgeological catastrophes as generators of innovation.I am grateful to >Programa de Investigación Competitiva del Sistema Universitario Gallego> reference GRC2014/050 from Xunta de Galicia for financing our project >Grupo de Investigación en Biología Evolutiva (GIBE) de la Universidade da Coruña>.Peer Reviewe

Stoch-aptation: a new term in evolutionary biology and paleontology