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The behavior of concrete is highly nonlinear, even at very low loading levels. Steel, on the other hand, exhibits a relatively linear behavior up till yielding. The synergy between the two materials and their compatibility has long been the subject of research. While the failure criterion for steel is straight forward, concrete can be approached by various theories. The most prominent are the Kupfer-Hilsdorf-Rusch and the Möhr failure envelope. The behavior of material under bi-axial stresses subsequent to cracking can be assumed isotropic or orthotropic, resulting in a differentiation in the material constitutive matrix formulation. This work covers the finite element modeling of reinforced concrete elements, based on the two failure envelopes, while assessing the isotropic and orthotropic methodology. The Finite Element smeared crack approach is used to analyze stresses and the propagation of cracking pattern for the element. The resulting load – displacement curves are validated with identical laboratory tested specimens.

Reinforced Concrete Finite Element Analysis Incorporating Material Nonlinearity and Failure Criteria Aspects