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In the State of Tocantins, there is an abundance of water bodies, and consequently a large range of gallery forests. Despite growing awareness of the importance of these forest resources and the need to conserve them, little is known about the composition and floristic diversity of existing remnants, which still represent part of the original vegetation. The aim of this study was to review and compare the floristic composition and structure of the tree layer of the gallery forest in two microbasins of Taquaruçu Grande Sub-basin, Palmas County, Tocantins State. For phytosociological sampling, contiguous 50 plots of 10 x 10 m were set in each area, where all the individuals with trunk circumference greater than or equal to 15, at 130 cm from the ground were sampled. To calculate the phytosociological parameters, was used Fitopac 1 software, and for the similarity calculation, was used Similarity Score of Sörensen. 928 individuals were recorded, totaling 139 tree species belonging to 45 botanical families for Area 1 and 2. Species richness for the two areas studied showed no differences, and the Shannon diversity index (H’) that 3.751 and 3.671, showing that the species distribution was uniform A1 (J = 0.83) and A2 (P = 0.822). The similarity index between areas was 42%, a result considered low

<b>Composition and structure of the gallery forest in the Taquaruçu GrandeSub-basin, Municipality of Palmas, Tocantins State