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Analisou-se o rendimento do processamento da tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus) e do pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus), sendo um total de 20 exemplares de cada espécie, com peso médio de 816,0 ± 74,0g e 1958,0 ±164,0g, e comprimento total médio de 33,6 ± 1,1cm e 42,4 ± 1,2cm, respectivamente. Estes foram abatidos por meio de choque térmico, pesados, medidos, eviscerados e filetados. O pacu apresentou um rendimento de filé superior (p < 0,01) ao da tilápia, sendo de 51,60% para filé com pele e 46,73% sem pele, enquanto que para tilápia foi igual a 39,21% e 36,44%, respectivamente. Não houve diferença significativa quanto ao rendimento de carcaça eviscerada e pele entre as duas espécies. A porcentagem da cabeça da tilápia (28,34%) foi significativamente superior (p < 0,01) em relação ao pacu (16,57%). Os peixes de cabeça grande e comprimida proporcionam baixos rendimentos de filé, como verificado para a tilápia, e, possuindo cabeça pequena, como o pacu, o rendimento atinge valores mais altos, evidenciando a existência de uma relação inversa entre tamanho da cabeça e rendimento de filé.It has been analysed the processing yield of Oreochromis niloticus and Piaractus mesopotamicus. A total of 20 individuals from each species, presenting a mean weight of 816,0 ± 74,0g and 1958,0 ± 164,0g, and total length of 33.6 ± 1,1cm and 42.4 ± 1,2cm, respectively, for tilapia and pacu. They were killed with thermical shock, weighed, measured, then extracted internal organs and fillets. The fillet yield was higher in pacu (p < 0,01) than those observed in tilapia. These values for pacu were superior (p <  0.01) to tilapia’s. These values were 51.60% for fillet with skin and 46.73% without skin, while for tilapia they were 39.21% and 36.44%, respectively. There were no significant difference for the yield on the visceral carcass and skin between the two species. The percentage for the tilapia’s head (28.34%) was significantly superior (p < 0.01) to pacu’s (16.57%). Individuals with big and long head promoted low fillet yield, as verified for tilapia, and those with small head as pacu, the yield ranges higher values, evidencing the existence of a inverse relationship between the size of the head and fillet yield

Rendimento do processamento da tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1757) e do pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887)