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Objetivando avaliar efeitos de períodos de infestação inicial na comunidade infestante e na produtividade da beterraba em sistema de semeadura direta e transplantio, conduziu-se um experimento em delineamento de blocos casualizados, esquema fatorial 2 x 13. Métodos de semeadura direta e transplante de mudas foram avaliados dentro de 13 períodos semanais crescentes de infestação. Importância relativa, densidade e matéria seca acumulada pelas plantas daninhas foram analisadas por regressão não-linear, assim como produtividade e estande da cultura de beterraba, que foram submetidos à análise de variância. Amaranthus viridis, Coronopus didymus, Cyperus rotundus, Digitaria nuda, Galinsoga parviflora e Nicandra physaloides foram as plantas daninhas mais importantes, destacando-se C. didymus. O acúmulo de matéria seca das plantas daninhas foi maior na cultura em semeadura direta, embora a densidade de plantas daninhas tenha sido mais alta em sistema de transplantio. A produtividade da beterraba transplantada foi maior que a da semeadura direta no tratamento livre de plantas daninhas. A convivência das plantas daninhas com a cultura pode permanecer por quatro e sete semanas depois da semeadura/transplantio, respectivamente, antes de reduzir a produtividade. A cultura em sistema de semeadura direta foi mais susceptível à interferência das plantas daninhas que a cultura sob sistema de transplantio.The objective was to evaluate the effects of initial weedy periods on the weed community and on the productivity of direct seeded and transplanted table beet cropping systems. A field trial was conducted at São Paulo State University, Brazil, in a randomized complete block design using a 2 x 13 factorial scheme. Direct seeding and seedling transplanting methods were evaluated within thirteen increasing weekly weedy periods. Weed relative importance was calculated and weed density and weed dry matter accumulation data were analyzed by nonlinear regression as well as beet yield and stand, which were submitted to analysis of variance. Amaranthus viridis, Coronopus didymus, Cyperus rotundus, Digitaria nuda, Galinsoga parviflora and Nicandra physaloides were the most important weeds found, with special reference to C. didymus. Weed dry matter accumulation was greater in the direct seeded crop, although weed density was higher in the transplanted crop. Transplanted beet yield was greater than of direct seeded beet in the weed-free treatment during the whole crop cycle. Crop-weed coexistence could remain for four and seven weeks after seeding/transplanting in direct seeded and in transplanted beet, respectively, before reducing yield economically. Thus, direct seeded crop was more susceptible to weed interference than the transplanted one

The effects of the coexistence of weed communities on table beet yield during early crop development