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Considering the academic and industrial needs, it is necessary to examine the dynamics and effects of science and technology translation, especially the indirect ones. This study proposes a framework for identifying the levels of translation, called translational generation, and measuring their translational effects. An empirical analysis is carried out in the field of blockchain. The results provide evidence supporting the strength of direct translation and the growth of indirect translation. Firstly, the amount of S&amp;T translation has increased and the amount of indirect translation has grown up to almost three times that of direct ones. Secondly, direct translation has better effects than all levels of indirect groups. However, the advantage of direct translation is not stable. It decreases in the translation intensity dimension and increases in the translation speed dimension. These findings have important implications for S&amp;T innovation and source-allocated policy making.

Dynamics and Effects of Science Technology Translation: Case of Blockchain Technology