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Thispaperinvestigatestheeffectofconstructredundancyonreaders’understandingofconceptual models.Conceptualmodelsplayacrucialroleinunderstandingthedomainrelatedtoinformation systemdevelopment.Theclarityofsuchmodelscanbecompromisediftheyareconstructedusinga conceptualmodellinggrammarexhibitingconstructredundancywhereonereal-worldphenomenon mapstotwoormoregrammarconstructs.Withtwoempiricalstudiesonsolvingdomain-related problemsusingUnifiedModelingLanguage(UML)classdiagramsasconceptualdomainmodels, itwasfoundthatwhenconstructredundancyispresentatdifferentstrengths,thentheeffectofthe redundancyontheunderstandingofamodeldependsonthemodelingknowledgeofthereader.Novice readerswithminimalmodelingknowledgefindmodelsdifficulttointerpretwhenastronglevelof redundancycausedbydistinctconstructredundancyexists.However,whenthemodelshaveaweak levelofredundancythenthesereadersfindthemeasiertounderstandcomparedtomodelswithout redundancy.Incontrast,trainedreadersareindifferenttoaweaklevelofredundancyinamodel. KEywoRDS Conceptual Models, Information System Development, Redundancy, Unified Modeling Language (UML)

The Effects of Construct Redundancy on Readers' Understanding of Conceptual Models