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This research performs a literature survey of remote user authentication researches based on smart card and external memory. The main security confidence of smart card-based schemes is temper-resistance property. Other reasons are small physical size, portability, convenience of non-volatile memory, and security provided by a single chip computer embedded in a plastic card. The most efficient schemes are those that used hash function or ECC. The high cost of the cards and readers and their deployment remain a burden to issuers or users. This is what motivates the use of external memory instead of smart cards. But the problem of non-tamper resistance property associated with external memory limited researches in that direction. There are also absence of other activities that are essential in user authentication such as forgot/reset password and re-registration in case the external memory or smart card is stolen or lost in all the reviewed researches.

Trends in Remote User Authentication Based on Smart Card and External Memory