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Many developing nations, such as Palestine, implemented PPP (public-private partnership) to fulfill the increasing needs for public services and facilities. Nonetheless, PPP projects have numerous risks that influence each other and can cause project failures. Unfortunately, current studies related to the PPP risk association have not provided adequate details. This paper tries to fill the literature gap by proposing a practical approach in analyzing the relationship among PPP risks. First, the research identifies risk for PPP projects in the Palestinian construction industry by integrating interviews and a literature review. Next, this study reflects the associations among the risks and reveals the failure instruments of PPP projects using FISM (fuzzy interpretative structural modeling). This paper uses MICMAC (matrix impact cross-reference multiplication applied to a classification) and FISM method to discover and finalize the 19 crucial risk elements. The MICMAC-FISM  approach reckons with the fuzzy of the PPP risk association and enhances previously published works.

The Risks of Construction PPP Projects in Palestine: A Combined MICMAC-FISM Examination