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A typical structure of an auto-compensation system for quantum keydistribution is given. The principle of operation of a fiber-optic system forthe distribution of quantum keys with phase coding of photon states isdescribed. The operation of the system in the synchronization mode and theformation of quantum keys was investigated. The process of detecting a timeinterval with an optical synchronization pulse is analyzed. The structuralscheme of the experimental stand of the quantum-cryptographic network is given.Data are obtained that attest to the presence of a multiphoton signal duringthe transmission of sync pulses from the transceiver station to the coding andbackward direction. The results of experimental studies are presented, whichprove the existence of a vulnerability in the process of synchronization of thequantum key distribution system. It is shown that the use of a multiphotonoptical pulse as a sync signal makes it possible for an attacker tounauthorized access to a quantum communication channel. The experimentalresults show that tapping a portion of the optical power from the quantumcommunication channel during the synchronization process allows an attacker toremain unnoticed while the quantum protocol is operating. Experimentally provedthe possibility of introducing malfunctions into the operation of the quantumcommunication system at the stage of key formation, while remaining invisiblefor control means.

Vulnerability of the Synchronization Process in the Quantum Key Distribution System