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The clinical feasibility of a novel device called a Cariotester was investigated by measuring the Knoop hardness (KHN) of white spot lesions diagnosed as ICDAS code 1, 2 or 3. To obtain an equation for converting the Cariotester indentation depth into the KHN, a regression analysis was performed between the depth and measured KHN for human enamel. The Cariotester was then used to measure the indentation depth for white spots (ICDAS code 1, 2 or 3) in extracted teeth, and the KHN values were determined using the above equation. The KHN was 219.9±19.7, 162.4±24.0 and 31.7±17.5 for code 1, 2 and 3 lesions, respectively, which was 30, 49 and 90% lower than that for healthy enamel. Using the formula reported in the literature, the mineral density was calculated to be 87.7 vol.% for healthy enamel, and 75.1, 66.1 and 35.5 vol.% for code 1, 2 and 3 lesions, respectively.

Measurement of surface hardness of primary carious lesions in extracted human enamel —Measurement of Knoop hardness using Cariotester—