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An alternative approach to the Standard Model is outlined, being motivated bythe increasing theoretical and experimental difficulties encountered by thismodel, which furthermore fails to be unitary. In particular, the conceptualuneasiness generated by the excessive multiplicity of fundamental elements ofthe Quark Model, 36 different quarks whose cohesion needs 8 different types ofgluons, has logically led some physicists to propose a variety of quarksubstructures in an effort to reach unity. In order to avoid the forward escapecorresponding to the attribution of a substructure to quarks and to stand awayfrom the conceptual strangling to which the Standard model has led, we haveinstead opted for different fundamentals. These, in contrast to those of theStandard Model, are extremely simple and based on the assumption of a singlefundamental corpuscle, of dual manifestation as corpuscle and anticorpuscle, towhich is always associated an orbital that determines the structure ofparticles. In such a frame particles differentiate through the diversity ofquantum states of their structuring orbital, in contrast to the strategy usedby the Standard Model based instead on the particle's multiplicity ofcomposition through the variety of the quark's content, furthermore limited tohadrons. Instead the orbital conception of particles is unitary, unifying allof them as well as their interactions. As an outstanding feature, nuclearforces derive from the neutron orbital structure, based on a proton core and ashell. This shell constitutes the cohesive element of nuclear structure.

Fundamentals of the Orbital Conception of Elementary Particles and of Their Application to the Neutron and Nuclear Structure