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Ecrites a 17 ans d’intervalle, ces deux nouvelles de Fitzgerald mettent en scene des artistes dont la maladie pour l’un (« The Lees of Happiness ») et l’alcoolisme pour l’autre (« An Alcoholic Case ») ont eu raison des facultes creatrices. Pourtant, l’attention se porte moins sur les malades que sur celles qui les soignent, et embrassent ainsi un role traditionnellement devolu aux femmes : l’epouse aimante sacrifiant tout pour son mari grabataire et l’infirmiere devouee investie d’une mission salvatrice. Etudiees ensemble, ces deux nouvelles vont toutefois au-dela d’une representation genree du soin et interrogent les fondements memes de l’ethique medicale telle qu’elle est envisagee aujourd’hui car elles montrent l’accomplissement de soi comme horizon du soin. Robert Misrahi oppose a la morale kantienne du devoir une « ethique de la joie » fondee sur le desir et la relation a autrui. C’est semble-t-il cette place essentielle du desir dans la relation a l’autre et a soi-meme, relation entre deux sujets, qu’explorent les deux nouvelles. Mais ce que la maladie vient mettre au jour, c’est que la relation soignant/soigne revele moins une plenitude heureuse qu’une beance intime au cœur de chaque sujet. Dans le miroir que se tendent soignante et soigne, l’image ideale du moi se fele et laisse apparaitre une fragilite et un manque essentiels a la condition humaine. Written 17 years apart, these two short stories by F.S. Fitzgerald stage artists whose creative powers have failed them, whether it be because of illness (as in “The Lees of Happiness”) or because of an excess of alcohol (as in “An Alcoholic Case). However the short stories’ emphasis is not so much on those failed artists than on the women who are devoted to them, and thus embrace a traditionally feminine role: the loving wife caring for her disabled husband and the devoted nurse who feels she has a special mission. But taken together, the two short-stories go beyond a gendered representation of care and question the very foundations of medical ethics as debated over today, for they show how much care is linked to a form of self-fulfillment. Robert Misrahi sets a form of ethics founded on joy against a moral philosophy founded on duty. The two short stories indeed seem to explore the essential part played by desire in the relationship to others and to the self, a relationship that involves two subjects. But in the case of illness, the relationship between patient and nurse or care-giver proves to be less concerned with fulfilment than with emptiness, a lack in people’s innermost beings. On each side of the mirror, patient and nurse can see the cracks in their ideal image, and reveal fragility and lack as essential to the human condition.

Femmes aux petits soins : la fêlure d’un idéal dans deux nouvelles de F.S. Fitzgerald The Lees of Happiness et An Alcoholic Case