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EnglishThis article argues that nearly three decades after 1989, a year marking the onset of wide-reaching global transformations, we still live under the shadow of one of its main consequences in terms of political economy: the fatal crisis of socialism implied that capitalism, whose neoliberal turn intensified, ceased to be subject to systemic checks and balances to its action. This diagnosis will be explored through the detailed analysis of two formulas and a document that appeared, perhaps not by chance, in 1989: the Washington Consensus, the end of history and the so-called Delors Report about the European Monetary Union. Seen together, they reflect some of the central planks of an international political economy of a neoliberal bent, still to be surpassed institutionally, due to the lack of fear among the power elites, among other factors. The article concludes by making a populist proposal to begin the process of reversing this perverse state of affairs. francaisPresque trois decennies apres 1989, nous soutenons que nous continuons a vivre a l’ombre d’une annee durant laquelle se firent jour des transformations de portee mondiale: la crise fatale du socialisme a implique que le capitalisme, dont le penchant neoliberal s’est accentue, a cesse d’avoir des freins et des contrepoids systemiques. Nous exploiterons ce diagnostic par le biais de la scalpelisation de deux formules et d’un document, qui ne sont peut-etre pas apparus par hasard, en 1989: le Consensus de Washington, la fin de l’histoire et le denomme Rapport Delors sur l’Union Economique et Monetaire. Vus de facon articulee, ils sont bien le reflet de quelques-uns des elements centraux d’une economie politique internationale, au caractere neoliberal, qui reste encore aujourd’hui a depasser en termes institutionnels, en partie en raison de l’absence de crainte parmi les elites du pouvoir. Enfin, en guise de conclusion, nous suggerons une piste populiste pour le debut d’un eventuel depassement de ce pervers etat de choses. portuguesQuase tres decadas depois de 1989, argumenta-se que continuamos a viver na sombra de um ano em que iniciaram transformacoes de alcance global: em termos de economia politica, a crise fatal do socialismo implicou que o capitalismo, cuja viragem neoliberal se acentuou, deixou de ter freios e contrapesos sistemicos. Este diagnostico sera explorado atraves da escalpelizacao de duas formulas e de um documento, surgidos, talvez nao por acaso, em 1989: o Consenso de Washington, o fim da historia e o chamado Relatorio Delors sobre a Uniao Economica e Monetaria. Vistos de forma articulada, eles refletem bem alguns dos elementos centrais de uma economia politica internacional, de matriz neoliberal, ainda hoje por superar no campo institucional, devido em parte a ausencia de medo entre as elites do poder. No final, em jeito de conclusao, sugere-se uma pista populista para o inicio da eventual superacao deste perverso estado de coisas.

Na sombra de 1989: economia política internacional depois do fim da história*