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EnglishThis article discusses the implementation of a mechanism from the 1988 Brazilian Constitution to repair the situation of historical injustice experienced by the Quilombola communities of Salvaterra, Marajo Island, as an opportunity for a mobilization of identity to claim recognition of social rights. As the local power does not commit itself to this implementation, but at the same time is called upon to take concrete measures in the territory, tensions and conflicts in the political and religious spheres are then manifested. The Quilombolas’ strategies vis-a-vis local, religious and political authorities for differentiated recognition contribute to a politicization of local challenges although the constitutional mechanism does not provide the means for mobilization to call into question a system of traditional domination on which the local power is based. francaisDans cet article nous nous penchons sur la mise en place d’un dispositif de la Constitution Bresilienne de 1988 visant a reparer une situation d’injustice vecue par les communautes quilombolas de Salvaterra, Ile de Marajo, en tant qu’opportunite d’une mobilisation au caractere identitaire pour revendiquer la reconnaissance de droits sociaux. Comme le pouvoir local ne s’engage pas au niveau de cette mise en œuvre mais, qu’en meme temps, il est interpelle afin de prendre des mesures concretes sur le territoire, il en decoule des tensions et des conflits manifestes dans les spheres politique et religieuse. Les strategies des Quilombolas face aux autorites locales, religieuses et politiques, visant la reconnaissance differenciee, contribuent a une politisation des defis locaux, bien que le dispositif constitutionnel mis en action n’offre pas les moyens necessaires a ce que la mobilisation remette en cause un systeme de domination traditionnelle sur lequel repose le pouvoir local. portuguesNeste artigo discute-se a implementacao de um dispositivo da Constituicao Brasileira de 1988 para reparar a situacao de injustica historica vivida pelas comunidades quilombolas de Salvaterra, Ilha de Marajo, enquanto oportunidade de uma mobilizacao de carater identitario para reivindicar o reconhecimento de direitos sociais. Como o poder local nao se compromete com essa implementacao, mas ao mesmo tempo e interpelado quanto a tomar medidas concretas no territorio, resultam entao tensoes e conflitos manifestos nas esferas politica e religiosa. As estrategias dos Quilombolas face as autoridades locais, religiosas e politicas, visando reconhecimento diferenciado, contribuem para uma politizacao dos desafios locais, embora o dispositivo constitucional acionado nao ofereca meios para que a mobilizacao ponha em causa um sistema de dominacao tradicional no qual se assenta o poder local.

Mobilisation, conflits et reconnaissance du territoire: communautés quilombolas dans l’Île do Marajó, Brésil