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International audienceThe study area is a geographical entity organized around the floodplain of the lower river valley of the Oued Loukkos and the historic cities of Lixus and Larache. Owing to the double heritage value of this area, natural and historical, the reconstruction of the recent history of its vegetation and its landscapes is particularly relevant. Besides his former occupation in prehistory and antiquity, the area of Larache has played an important role in the Middle Ages and modern times into the greater or lesser strained relations between Morocco and European Powers. In the history, the river Loukkos has always been a route of penetration inside the country and its mouth a strategic site. The port of Larache was also the main export outlet for productions of Gharb and great cities of the hinterland as Basra or Fez (cork, grains, wool ...), since the 16th century. Based on a pollen diagram obtained in the adjacent valley of Oued Sakh-Sokh, we propose here to reconstruct the outline of recent vegetation history (since 14th century), especially the wetlands of the floodplain and the cork oak forest, which constitutes the natural vegetation of the area. This information will then crossed with available historical sources for assessing the various factors of landscape dynamics identified since medieval times. The role of different waves of population and their kinds of exploitation and enhancement of the environment are examined. Degradation of the forest is old because it is on the territory of the cork oak forest that clearing activities took place, mainly for cereal cultivation and livestock. Other human activities such as logging, charcoal production, shipbuilding or fires there also contributed. Agro-silvo-pastoral Parklands are built at the same time. They are comparable to the Dehesa and Montado from the Iberian Peninsula. The history of these original landscapes is recognized for the first time in Morocco.La reconstitution de l'histoire récente de la végétation et des paysages de la région du Bas-Loukkos, sur la côte atlantique de la péninsule tingitane, avec les villes historiques de Lixus et Larache, revêt un intérêt particulier en raison d'une double valeur patrimoniale : naturelle et historique. A partir d'un diagramme pollinique de l'Oued Sakh-Sokh, les grandes lignes de l'évolution récente de la végétation (depuis le 14ème siècle) sont retracées, en particulier celle de la dépression humide et de la forêt de chêne-liège, qui constitue la végétation naturelle de la zone. Ces informations sont ensuite croisées avec les sources historiques disponibles pour apprécier les différents facteurs des dynamiques paysagères identifiées, depuis l'époque médiévale. Le rôle des différentes vagues de peuplement et leurs formes d'exploitation et de mise en valeur de l'espace est examiné. La dégradation de la forêt est ancienne. Élevage, agriculture et autres activités humaines (exploitation du bois, charbonnage, chantiers navals, incendies) y contribuèrent. Parallèlement, se construisent des parcs arborés à finalité agro-sylvo-pastorale comparables à la Dehesa et au Montado de la Péninsule Ibérique. L'histoire de ces paysages originaux est reconnue pour la première fois au Maroc

Contribution à l'histoire récente de la végétation du Bas-Loukkos (province de Larache, Maroc)