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Uneasy assimilation to bourgeois nationalism and a qualified alienation from it are the crucial defining characteristics of Mangan’s essentially subaltern poetic, explaining its frequent moments of cynicism, vacillation, and ideological disjunction. This essay explores Mangan’s engagement with a literature of cultural improvement, national perfectionism, and bardic exemplarity, to find that the same exercise throws up metaphors of wound, ruin, and rupture, which record his simultaneous dislocation from cultural-nationalist idealism. Mangan evokes a nationalist canon he evades, and corrupts the nationalism he evokes.

“Lost Hero of the Past”: Ruin, Wound, and the Failure of Idealism in the Poetry of James Clarence Mangan