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This article considers past and future of land management in Ethiopia, focusing on the northern part of the country. How did soils and forests change over the last century? How do these changes affect the means of subsistence of the population? At the end of the 19th century, there were already gullies in northern Ethiopia, although these had been stabilized around 1935. In the 1960s a reactivation of gullies has occurred. Since about 2000, erosion rates decrease again, in conjunction with an increase in conservation activities and improved vegetation cover. As a result, the total production of cereals in Ethiopia is now higher than ever, and production per capita for 2005-2010 rose by 60% as compared to 1985-1990. Currently there is an increase of exportations of flowers and vegetables, as well as a strong increase in the export of the mild narcotic khat, which requires large amounts of water for growing. International land transactions, which stagnate well below the initial objectives, have not brought improvement to the livelihood of local populations

Perspectives locales et globales pour la gestion des terres des régions montagneuses du Nord de l'Éthiopie