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À l’ère du tourisme de masse et des loisirs, la plaisance est une expression particulière de territorialité à travers divers équipements sur le trait de côte (ports, marinas, chantiers navals, etc.) et des flux tant maritimes que terrestres (itinéraires en mer des plaisanciers entre ports, liaisons domiciles-points d’embarquement, navettes domicile-travail des professionnels de la plaisance, etc.). Ce caractère « amphibie » confère à la plaisance une place atypique parmi les activités touristiques.En France, plus que d’autres loisirs, la plaisance est écartelée entre des espaces vécus, résultant pour l’essentiel des parcours des plaisanciers (bassins de navigation, bassins de croisière, bassins de plaisance…), et des territoires administratifs relevant d’une logique bien différente à terre (collectivités territoriales, subdivisions des affaires maritimes) comme en mer (eaux territoriales, zone d’exercice du droit de police.Conformément à bien des espaces vécus, les aires de pratiques de la plaisance sont particulièrement complexes. Outre leur caractère chronique, compte tenu du caractère essentiellement saisonnier de l’activité, ces territoires vont dépendre de la diversité des pratiques plaisancières (pêche-promenade, balade en mer, croisière côtière, croisière hauturière, voile sportive…), des limites conscientes voire inconscientes que se fixe chaque plaisancier, du déterminisme physique (obstacles à la navigation, vents, courants…), de la réglementation en vigueur qui interdit la navigation au-delà d’une certaine distance d’un abri selon les différentes catégories de navires, etc. Pour leur part, les territoires de gestion relèvent d’une logique largement continentale, même en avant du trait de côte. L’inadéquation entre espaces de pratiques et de gestion est telle que plusieurs acteurs (collectivités territoriales, services déconcentrés de l’Etat, bureaux d’études, associations…) conduisent de plus en plus d’opérations dans le cadre de territoires de projets calqués sur des espaces de pratiques. Ces derniers restent néanmoins largement assujettis aux découpages administratifs traditionnels au point de voir leurs dimensions régulièrement redéfinies. In the era of mass tourism and leisure, pleasure sailing is a particular expression of territoriality through various equipment on the coast (ports, marinas, shipyards, etc.) and of maritime as terrestrial flows (routes followed at sea by the yachtsmen between ports, connections between residence and loading points, shuttles between residence and work for professionals of pleasure, sailing, etc). This “amphibious” character confers on the pleasure sailing an atypical place among the tourist activities.In France, more than for other leisures, the pleasure sailing is quartered between reference spaces, (resulting essentially from the trajectories of the yachtsmen, navigation basins, cruising basins, pleasure sailing basins…), and of administrative territories concerned with a quite different logic on the ground (territorial collectivities, subdivisions of the maritime businesses) and at sea (territorial water, zone of exercise of police rights).Like many other “lived” spaces, the surfaces for practice of pleasure sailing are particularly complex. In addition to their chronic character, taking into account the primarily seasonal character of the activity, these territories will depend on the diversity of the practices (fishing, strolls at sea, coastal cruising, deep-sea cruising, sporting sailing), of the unconscious or conscious limits that each yachtsman fixes, of the physical determinism (obstacles to navigation, winds, currents…), of the current regulations which prohibits navigation beyond certain distance from a shelter according to the various categories of ships, etc. As for the management territories, they stem from a mainly continental logic, even on the seacoast. The lack of coincidence between practice spaces and management spaces is such as to lead several actors (territorial collectivities, decentralized services of the State, research departments, associations…) to operate more and more within the framework of territories copied on practice spaces. The latter remain nevertheless largely fixed by traditional administrative cuttings and see their regularly redefined. Na era do turismo de massa e dos lazeres, o nautismo é uma expressão específica de territorialidade, através de diversos equipamentos construidos na costa (portos, marinas, estaleiros navais, etc.) e dos fluxos tanto marítimos como terrestres (itinerários no mar dos iatistas, entre portos e objetivos, ligações domicílio-pontos de embarque, ligações domicílio-trabalho dos profissionais do nautismo, etc.). Este caráter “anfíbio” confere ao nautismo um lugar atípico entre as atividades turísticas.Na França, mais que outros lazeres, o nautismo é esquartejado entre espaços vividos, resultando essencialmente dos percursos dos iatistas (bacias de navegação, bacias de cruzeiro, bacias de nautismo…), e dos territórios administrativos que pertencem a uma lógica bem diferente na terra (coletividades territoriais, subdivisões dos negócios marítimos) como no mar (águas territoriais, zona de exercício do direito de polícia).Em conformidade com muitos outros espaços vividos, as áreas de práticas do nautismo são particularmente complexas. Para além do seu caráter crónico, tendo em conta o caráter essencialmente sazonal da atividade, estes territórios vão depender da diversidade das práticas (pesca, passeio no mar, cruzeiro costeiro, cruzeiro do alto mar, vela desportiva…), do regulamento em vigor que proibe a navegação além de certa distância de um abrigo, de acordo com as diferentes categorias de navios, etc. Por a sua parte, os territórios de gestão dependem de uma lógica largamente continental, mesmo perto da costa. A não coincidência entre espaços de práticas e espaços e gestão e tamanha que vários atores (coletividades territoriais, serviços desconcentrados do Estado, consultorias, associações…) conduzem cada vez mais operações no âmbito de territórios de projetos decalcados sobre espaços de práticas. Estes últimos permanecem no entanto largamente sujeitados aos recortes administrativos tradicionais ao ponto de ver as suas dimensões regularmente redefinidas

Une activité touristique et de loisir « amphibie » entre espaces de pratiques et territoires de gestion : la plaisance