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This article traces the origins and development of fresh diversionary initiatives to respond to juvenile offending in Scottish cities from the mid-nineteenth century. This topic has been somewhat neglected by historians, but the Scottish contribution to juvenile justice reform was significant, both in the UK context and internationally. The paper focuses particularly on the inception and development across Scotland of a network of Day Industrial Schools first introduced in the 1840s. It addresses the changes in Scotland which were brought about by the impact of legislation that ushered in the statutory UK framework governing certified industrial and reformatory schools. The article considers how pressures for uniformity resulted in a marked departure from the welfarist ethos of the reformers undermined the original ideals of reform.

Reforming Juvenile Justice in Nineteenth-Century Scotland : The Subversion of the Scottish Day Industrial School Movement