English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

' The methodology adopted aims at validating remédies used in traditional medicine and enhancing plants open for development. The process is three-staged: 1. Ethnobotanical surveys, first with a gênerai scope and then targeting the plant selected; 2. Phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological studies; 3. Development of a drug, following the procédure to obfain permission to market a herbal médicinal product (cf. Cahier published by Agence Française no. 3) including a pharmaceutical dossier, a short-term toxicological study and, after being authorised by an ethics committee, a clinical study. The purpose of this paper is to submit a procédure aiming at vali¬ dating traditional practice and enhancing plants used in traditional medicine. The example selected is the case of traditional remédies used for the treatment of malaria, and the objective is to prépare a médicinal product from a plant used in traditional medicine. The work we report about is the resuit of scientific coopération bet¬ ween Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie in Bamako, Mali and Marseilles, France. Why did we sélect Bamako, Mali? Because the way traditional medicine is structured and managed can be considered as exemplary. The approach we hâve adopted is ethnopharmacological; the aim was to prépare a médicinal product for émergent countries, i.e. a product reducing both parasitaemia and symptomatology, and featuring pharmaceutical qualifies while having a simple composition, so that production could be envisaged at a cost adapted to the mo¬ des! financial means that can be earmarked for health care. Research work developed in 3 stages: Inquiries : a total of three inquiries were conducted, in alternation with pharmacological and phytochemical studies. Pharmacological and phytochemical studies Designing a médicinal product following the recommendations of full market approval (FMA in abridged form), corresponding to the Cahier de l'Agence n°3, on a basis of a comprehensive pharma¬ ceutical assessment dossier and a short-term toxicological study. Inquiries There is in Bamako, Mali, a central organisation called Département de Médecine Traditionnelle (Department for Traditional Médical Practice DMI), headed by Prof. A. KEITA. This department is a division of Institut National de Recherche en Santé Publique (National Institute of Research for Public Health INRSP); in charge of 8 régional centres for traditional médical prac¬ tice, in particular those in Kolokani, Sikasso and Bandiagara, where the inquiries were carried out. Three consécutive inquiries, in alternation with laboratory tests, made it possible to sélect the plant to be developed. The first inquiry was carried out with traditional practitioners wor¬ king in Bamako. It focussed on plants that they use to treat feverish diseases and permitted the identification of 1 9 species, among which the most wi¬ dely used are Mitragyna inermis and Nauclea latifolia which are often combined in traditional préparations and Trichilia roka. Thèse 3 species, as well as Glinus oppositifolius, which is used universally in the treatment of feverish affections in Northern Mali, were selected for further research. Preliminary tests carried out on aqueous, methanolic and chloroformic extracts of thèse 4 species led to keeping only Mitragyna, Nauclea and Glinus. A second inquiry was conducted to confirm and complément the information collected about the traditional mode of préparation Des sources du savoir aux médicaments du futur From the sources of knowledge to the medicines of the future 244 ••• Medicines o f the xxn, cenfury applied to Nouclea and Mi/ragyna. This second inquiry was car ried out in 2 regional centres for trcd itionol medical practice in Kolokani and Sikasso. ln more thon half of the cases, the Mifragyno inermis leaves and the Nouclea lo/i(olio bark are associated and used as a macerat ion and more frequently a s a decoction. The product is generally absorbed per os or in a bath. The durat ion of the Ireatment is gene rally 2 to 7 doys according to the healers. Some of them recornmend not to use the aqueous decoction with pregnant women. At the end of this second inquiry, we carr ied out a phytochemical and pharmocological sludy on these 2 species and on Glinus, and we could establish that the antiplasmodic action of Noucleo and Mi/ragyno is due to alkaloids and that of Glinus to saponos ides. A study of in vitro and in vivo mutagenesis carried out on the olkoloidal extract of Noucleo and Mi/rogyno, and on the saponic extract of Glinus permitted to establish that the alkaloids in Noucleo lo/i(olio have an in vitro and in vivo mutagenic action. Moreover, in spite of the advantage offered by Glinus oppositilolius, the low density of biotopes in Mali made it difficult, at the beginning, to develop an anti-malaria medicine from this plant. This is the reason why we decided to go on with our work using the leaves of Mifragyno inermis, whose alkaloids had shown, on the occasion of precedent research , that they have a choleretic action and do not have any hepatic toxicity.

Conception d’un médicament antimalarique à base de plantes issues de la médecine traditionnelle